Ukuhlelwa kwephepha

Iphepha lingahlelwa ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo ngokusekelwe kwiiparamitha ezininzi.

Ngokusekwe kwibakala: Iphepha elicutshungulwayo lokuqala eliphuma kwintlama yeplanga eluhlaza libizwa ngokuba yiiphepha elinyuluokanyeiphepha lebakala lentombi.Iphepha elisetyenzisiweyoliphepha elifunyenwe emva kokulungiswa kwakhona kwephepha elingenamsebenzi, iphepha elisetyenzisiweyo elisetyenzisiweyo ngokwalo okanye indibaniselwano yabo.

Ngokusekwe kubushelelezi kunye nonyango olunikwa ipulp kunye nephepha, yahlulahlulwe ngokubanzi yangamacandelo amabini: Amaphepha asetyenziselwa ukuprinta, ukulebhile, ukubhala, iincwadi njl njl.iphepha elihle, kunye nephepha elisetyenziselwa ukupakishwa kwezinto zokutya ezenziwe nge-pulp engaxutywanga zibizwa ngokubaiphepha elirhabaxa.

Ngokubhekiselele kuKhuseleko lokutya kunye neGunya eliPhakathi laseIndiya (FSSAI), kuphela izinto zokupakisha zebakala elinyulu ekufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo kokutya (FSSR).2011).Iphepha lokupakishwa kokutya lingahlelwa kwiindidi ezimbini ezibanzi (1) ngokusekelwe kwi-pulp okanye unyango lwephepha (2) ngokusekelwe kwimilo kunye nokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo.Unyango lwe-Wood pulp luchaphazela iipropati zephepha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kakhulu.Icandelo elilandelayo lixoxa malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zephepha ezisekelwe kwi-pulp kunye nonyango lwephepha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwipakethe yokutya.

I-fibreboard edibeneyo(CFB)

Imathiriyeli ekrwada ye-CFB ubukhulu becala liphepha le-kraft kodwa i-agave bagasse, imveliso evela kwishishini le-tequila nayo isetyenziselwe imveliso ye-fibreboard (Iñiguez-Covarrubias et al.2001).Ifayibhabhodi ebotshiweyo idla ngokuba nemigangatho emibini nangaphezulu yephepha lekrafti elisicaba (umgca) kunye noomaleko bezinto ezityabukileyo (ifluti) ifakwe phakathi kweeleya ezisicaba ukunika isiphumo sokuthomalalisa kunye nokumelana nokuqhawuka.Izinto ezigudiweyo ziphuhliswa kusetyenziswa i-corrugator ebandakanya ukuhamba kwephepha le-kraft elisicaba phakathi kweerola ezimbini ze-serrated, zilandelwa kukufakwa kokuncamathelisa kwiingcebiso ze-corrugation kunye ne-liner incamathele kwizinto ezibotshiweyo zisebenzisa uxinzelelo (Kirwan2005).Ukuba inomgca omnye kuphela, iludonga olunye;ukuba umgca kumacala omabini kune ply ezintathu okanye kabini ubuso njalo njalo.Ngokutsho kweBureau of Indian Standards (IS 2771(1) 1990), A (Banzi), B (Emxinwa), C (Phakathi) kunye no-E (Micro) iintlobo zefluti ziye zachazwa.Uhlobo lwefluti lusetyenziswa xa iipropathi zokuthomalalisa zibaluleke kakhulu, uhlobo lwe-B lomelele kuno-A no-C, uC lulungelelwano lweepropati phakathi kuka-A no-B no-E kulula ukusonga ngokuprinta kakuhle (IS:SP-7 NBC2016).Ukupakishwa kokutya kusebenzisa kuphela amashumi amathathu anesibini eepesenti yebhodi ebotshiweyo kumazwe aseYurophu kunye namashumi amane eepesenti ukuba icandelo lokupakisha isiselo liyabandakanywa (iKirwan2005).Isetyenziswe kwindawo yokudibanisa ukutya ngokuthe ngqo ikakhulu kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno, apho onke amabakala ephepha lenkunkuma anokusetyenziswa njengemigangatho yangaphakathi kodwa imfuno echaziweyo kwinqanaba le-pentachlorophenol (PCP), i-phthalate kunye ne-benzophenone kwafuneka izaliseke.

Iikhathoni zeCFB ​​ezisekwe kwikhompatimenti zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiikomityi zeyogathi zepolystyrene.Inyama, intlanzi, ipizza, iibhega, ukutya okukhawulezayo, isonka, iinkukhu kunye neefries zaseFransi zinokupakishwa kwii-fibreboards (Begley et al.2005).Iziqhamo nemifuno nazo zinokupakishwa ukuze zihanjiswe kwiimarike mihla le.